|
| Cacosmia
The
perception of a foul odor or a stench when
apparently none exists. In some instances the
condition results from psychological
factors as in olfactory hallucinations. As
related to cacesthesia this is any morbid
feeling or disordered sensibility which
may be present potentially from a building
having altered environments and smells. These
types of buildings need to be investigated
thoroughly in attempting to separate actual fact
from perceived fact. See Artifactual
Influences Heightened Awareness
Perceived Risk Sensitization Sensory
Perception
| |
|
| Calcium
Chloride test KitCalibration Equpment
A
manufactured test kit that scientifically
measures and calculates the amount of moisture
as water vapour emitting from concrete at any
one time. The value expressed by the test kit
are a measurement of pounds of water as
moisture vapor from 1000 square foot
of concrete slab surface area over a 24 hour
period of time. The test is an ASTM approved
method. Liability and Litigation Note
Surprisingly most test kits and test results can
be challenged in court because the person
applying the test kit has not been properly
trained to apply the kit they wrongfully
computed the results or they were not
taking other environmental factors into
consideration at the time of testing.
| |
|
| Calibration
Equipment
The
use of specially engineered scientific equipment
that independently calibrates field use
equipment to an acceptable standard before
testing or sampling. Education Note In
water damage mitigation usually the only
electronic equipment requiring calibration
are the temperature and humidity monitoring
equipment. These pieces of pre-calibrated
electronic equipment are sensitive to wet
atmospheres dropping and being
treated with little care or concern for their
intended use. Temperature and humidity equipment
should be measured against each others readings.
If either piece of equipment indicates a
variance of more than 3%u0025 then both
pieces of equipment should be measured against a
third. If there is a problem with any of the
temperature and humidity recording equipment
readings they then should be removed from
the field and sent to the
manufacture.
| |
|
| Capillarity
The
tendency of the surface of a liquid to rise or
fall when in contact with a solid material.
| |
|
| Capillary
Action
In
water damaged buildings capillary action
is the rate which a building material or content
can absorb hold and retain water.
Contractor Note Capillary action increases
as surface tension decreases. The capillary
action phenomenon is explained by the movement
of water in absorptive materials to levels
higher than the surface water or wetness. See
Wicking
| |
|
| Capillary
Attraction
The
force of a liquid to rise when in contact with a
porous substance. The force of adhesion and
surface tension allows a substance to soak up a
liquid.
| |
|
| Capillary
Break
A
method of stopping capillary action at a certain
point or action area from continuing. For
example in water damage buildings a
capillary break is a method which concrete slabs
are dried in sections. Mitigation and
Restorative Drying Note When rubber backed
carpet tiles are dried in situ the wet
carpet tiles need to be pulled up having
no less than 3 three rows removed
exposing the wet concrete slab. Once the wet
concrete slab and floor tiles have been
dried only two of the three rows of carpet
tiles are to be reset back in place. The third
row of carpet tiles and exposed concrete slab
are to remain open resulting in a
capillary break in the transition layer of the
concrete. Then another two or three rows
of wet tiles can be pulled back and the carpet
and concrete dried. Properly completed
this method of providing drying to wet concrete
and carpet tiles using a capillary break method
is only a two phase process completed in an
average of three-five drying days. See
Transition Layer
| |
|
| Capillary
Fringe
That
area between materials having a dry mass and a
wet mass materials having gradients
effected by humidity temperature and
moisture or materials having different
permeability. Often drapes and wall paper water
mark staining the capillary fringe where
capillary action stopped. Education Note
In a water damaged building a capillary
fringe may exist be two different
materials such as wet drywall and a vinyl
cove base. The porous drywall retains moisture
while the vinyl cove base repulses
moisture.
| |
|
| Capillary
Repulsion
The
force that causes a liquid to be depressed when
in contact with non-porous materials.
| |
|
| Carbon
Dioxide CO2
Normal
exhaled gaseous constituents which are the
product of aerobic respiration and decomposition
that are odourless and colourless. High carbon
dioxide levels are a byproduct of human activity
in a building having poor air circulation and
ventilation. Health and Safety Note
Although carbon dioxide is mostly not
poisonous carbon dioxide can cause
suffocation. The acid-base balance of the body
is affected by the level of carbon dioxide in
the blood and other tissues. Ideal carbon
dioxide levels in tight building are less than
1000 ppm. Carbon dioxide levels greater
than 5000 ppm should bring about an
immediate corrective action by department
managers and management.
| |
|
| Carbon
Filtration
The
use of carbon and activated carbon filters to
remove gases chemical vapours
toxic and hydrocarbons from air. Carbon
filtration is a control method only since
it cannot address the source of the
contamination.
| |
|
| Carbon
Monoxide
An
odourless colourless and tasteless
poisonous gas made when carbon or other
fuel is burned as in gasoline engines. It
is a poison air contaminate produced by
incomplete combustion and it can be
extremely harmful to humans and animals. Carbon
monoxide will attach to red blood cells. This
prevents the blood from moving oxygen from the
lungs to the body tissues.
| |
|
| Carbon
Monoxide Poisoning
A
carbon monoxide poisoning resulting in illness
and death of persons from exposure to carbon
monoxide gas. Health and Safety Note In
water damages floor furnaces are at and
below floor level and appliances with gas
ignition are near floor level they are
able to rust in the presence of flood waters and
high humidity. Rust will cause gas appliances to
have incomplete combustion they are
suspect of being a source of chronic health
concerns which are seldom identified.
| |
|
| Carboxyhemoglobin
The
combination of carbon monoxide gas and blood
hemoglobin that result in blood
poisoning.
| |
|
| Carcinogen
Any
chemical or biological substance that can cause
abnormal growth of tissue or tumors in humans
and animals.
| |
|
| Care
Custody or Control Coverage
An
insurance policy or rider which provides
protection for restoration repair and
replacement of property due to faulty
workmanship. This includes the property of
others while actually being serviced.
Under the standard general liability
insurance policy damage to the personal
property of others in your care custody or
control is excluded. This means that
if property is damaged while being
serviced there is no protection or
insurance coverage under a standard policy.
Care custody or control insurance coverage
may be offered only through a special
endorsement to the standard policy. See General
Liability Insurance Coverage
| |
|
| Carpet
A
fabric material that is generally placed on
floors for comfort and appearance and
sometimes on walls for reduction of sound.
Carpets as a floorcovering has a limited life
expectancy from 7 to 15 years. Usually carpets
are replaced before the end of their life
expectancy with an average carpet having from 5
to 10 years life-use. Commercial carpets are
different than residential carpets both in
construction and use. Care and Handling
Note Carpets must be cleaned and sanitized
when they are dirty like any fabric. Proper
cleaning techniques can extend the life of most
carpets. Water Damage Note Carpet in water
damages act like a sponge and absorb and retain
large amounts of water and sewage. Carpets if
they are stable can be successfully
cleaned and reinstalled after a fresh water
flood but carpets having sewage should be
replaced. Totally saturated carpets if
possible should be removed from a
building since most subfloors and walls
will also be saturated. Wet carpet retains
sometimes hundreds of gallons of water
increasing its wet weight from its dry
weight up to five times. Restorative
Drying Note Attempting to dry wet carpet
in a building where walls and subfloors are also
wet dramatically increases the overall
drying time.
| |
|
| Carpet
Cushion
An
underlayment material that is placed under a
carpet. Education Note The cushion acts
like a pad in that the cushion softens the
carpet while protecting the face fibers and
secondary backing of the carpet. A good carpet
cushion adds life to a carpet especially
in high traffic areas. Restorative Drying
Note After a major flood the carpet
cushion should be removed to aid in the
immediate drying of the building
then if the carpet is still in place
removal of the cushion will aid in the drying of
the carpet. The problem with drying a building
with carpet cushion and/or carpet remains in
place are these saturated materials
increase the drying time of the building
as well as they increase the ambient humidity as
long as they remain wet. Litigation Health
and Safety Note Drying carpet cushion and
carpet in place may result in unwanted mold
growth and increase allergens. All sewage
saturated carpet cushion must be carefully
removed and disposed. Leaving sewage
contaminated carpet cushion in place has been
known to result in sickness and
illness.
| |
|
| Carpet
Cushion Grafted Prime
Polyurethane
Flexible
polyurethane foam cushion formulated with added
reinforcement for increased
load-bearing.
| |
|
| Carpet
Cushion Bonded Polyurethane
Carpet
cushion produced by grinding flexible
polyurethane foam into small particles and
binding them together with a chemical
adhesive.
| |
|
| Carpet
Cushion Compressed Force
Deflection
The
measurement of polyurethane carpet cushions
load-bearing characteristics. The result shows
the reaction to loading applied over time such
as when a person stands on it.
| |
|
| Carpet
Cushion Compressed Resistance
The
measurement of rubber cushions load-bearing
characteristics. This indicates the products
response to immediate loading such as that
experienced when it is stepped upon.
| |
|
| Carpet
Cushion Flat Rubber
The
natural or synthetic rubber cushion having a
flat finished appearance on both
sides.
| |
|
| Carpet
Cushion Mechanical Frothed
Cushion
made from polyurethane chemicals and reinforcing
filler frothed with air into the reacting
mixture.
| |
|
| Carpet
Cushion Reinforced Rubber
An
open-cell rubber cushion reinforced with solid
rubber particles usually made from
recycled tires.
| |
|
| Carpet
Cushion Resinated Recycled Textile
Fibre
A
needle-punched synthetic fibre that is recycled
from the textile processes.
| |
|
| carpet
Cushion Rippled Rubber
Natural
or synthetic rubber cushion produced to give an
appearance of bubbles on the surface and usually
containing non-woven or paper scrim on the top
side.
| |
|
| Carpet
Cushion Rubberized Hair
Needle-punched
felt of clean sterilized natural fibre
coated with skid-proof resin on top and
bottom.
| |
|
| Carpet
Cushion Rubberized Jute
Needle-punched
felt or jute fibre sealed on both sides with
filled latex and embossed.
| |
|
| Carpet
Cushion Synthetic Fibres
Non-woven
needle-punched felt made principally of
post-industrial scrap synthetic carpet material
with no outside adhesives.
| |
|
| Carpet
Cushion Textured Rubber
Natural
or synthetic rubber cushion produced with a fine
textured appearance on the bottom and non-woven
or paper backing on the top.
| |
|
| Carpet
Fibre Terms
The
description of terms that are commonly used
during the purchase replacement or repair
of a carpet. See Stain Resistance
| |
|
| Carpet
Roller
A
rolling tool weighing from 35 to 50 pounds and
up to 100 pounds that aids the adhesion of
carpet and mastic adhesives to bond with a
subfloor. Water Damage Note Carpet rollers
are also used on water damaged carpets
where especially gluedown carpets are
squeezed-out of the excess moisture. See
Compression Rolling
| |
|
| Carrier
Gas
When air quality and air pathways are an issue
in contaminated buildings industrial
hygienists sometimes use a mixture of visible
gas that will travel in cross-current pathways
of the building area or zone. The
mixture of gases which contains and moves the
contaminant material. Components of the carrier
gas are not considered to cause or produce air
pollution or react with the contaminant
material.
| |
|
| Cartage
The
actions necessary to remove or deliver materials
from one location to another. Contractor
Note Cartage is a billable charge when
labour material handling equipment
storage bailee insurance and
where relocation of contents or building
materials are involved. See Bailee
Insurance
| |
|
| CAS
Number
An
abbreviation for the Chemical Abstract Service
number of a chemical that indexes it and
compiles abstracts about it in the worldwide
chemical literature called Chemical Abstracts.
CAS Number can be found on the side of chemical
containers or on the MSDS.
| |
|
| CAT
Catastrohe Adjusting Team
The
term given by the Property Claim Services
section of the American Insurance
Association to property loss adjusters who
adjust and settle catastrophes. CAT adjusters
are called when losses from a single event or
catastrophe totals more than 5 million
dollars.
| |
|
| CAT
Containment Adsorption and
Treatment
An
acronym describing concepts of what steps
are necessary in chronology in mitigating water
damaged properties properly. The three-step
concept is 1 containment of
migrating flood water 2
adsorption/extraction and surface removal
and 3 treatment the cleanup
including sanitization. Restorative Drying
Note The CAT concept is required in
building damage remediation before restorative
drying can be implemented appropriately. In
major losses the CAT concept and the
restorative drying process often become
overlapped at some point.
| |
|
| CAT
Contractors
Disaster
management and disaster recovery contractors
whose job is to manage and mitigate emergency
loss CAT claims.
| |
|
| Caulking
The
process and procedure by which an adhesive
material as a sealer is applied to
the corners of a surface. The caulking may be
applied on all adjoining areas of two or more
materials or as a surface bead.
| |
|
| Cause
and Origin
The
exact location and mechanism by which a fire or
water damage originated. Legal and Liability
Note The remediation contractor %u0027must
teach%u0027 every emergency response technicians
to look think and don%u0027t touch or
remove or further damage water or fire
damaged areas related to cause and origin
without being instructed to do so and signed-off
by a responsible party. The issue of removing or
further damaging cause and origin without proper
documentation can result in direct liability to
the contractor or a company representative.
Smith v. Supreme Court - reference
punitive damage of wilfully throwing evidence
away and failure to act with reasonable
care meaning you cannot damage or
throw evidence away and Howe v. Matag
destruction of evidence poilage%u0027 or
the poilation of evidence%u0027.
All responsible parties claimant and
defendant adjusters manufacturers
forensic experts to attorneys
must be allowed to investigate damaged property
and determine the cause and origin. Before
attempting some types of emergency
clean-up the contractor must have paper
work signed-off saying they are being
allowed to remove all damaged areas including
cause and origin. Other wise the
contractor must limit their damage assessment
and emergency clean-up to the best and most
appropriate damage control methods. In fire
damage no contractor is to remove cause
and origin without all parties including
fire investigators agreeing that they have fully
investigated the claim and they have removed or
documented cause and origin to their
satisfaction.
| |
|
| Caustic
Any
substance that is strong enough to damage or
destroy tissue on human skin or corrosive
enough to damage a material.
| |
|
| Caution/Pelegro
An
English/Spanish sign denoting the need for
caution. Education Note Caution and
Caution Do Not Enter signs must be posted at
every entry and exit of a building or area
requiring the signs. Below the caution word must
be sufficient space to write and describe the
causation or reasons for Do Not Enter. In
addition your company name and a contact
name with phone number must be on the sign. Once
posted caution signs must be dated with a
start date and end date of the caution. See
Confined Space Isolation Permit
Required Confined Space Entry
| |
|
| Ceiling
Limit C
The
concentration of toxic chemicals vapours
and mists in a work environment or closure
that should never be exceeded.
| |
|
| Ceiling
Outlet
A
round square rectangular or
linear air diffuser located in the ceiling which
provides a horizontal distribution pattern of
primary and secondary air. The ceiling outlet is
usually found over the occupied zone and induces
low velocity secondary air motion through the
occupied zone.
| |
|
| Ceiling
Plenum
The
air space between a ceiling and another floor or
roof which acts as a return air conveyance
system of the HVAC. The ceiling plenum is to be
kept under negative air pressure and all
return air must be filtered before its return
back through the supply ventilation air
ducts.
| |
|
| Centre
for Advanced Restorative Drying
A
teaching and certification school that teaches
adjusters and contractors real-time drying
restorative methods and drying research in
a working classroom and wet building
environment. Contact Dri-Eaz at 800/932-3030 or
www.dri-eaz.com
| |
|
| Ceramic
Tile
Ceramic
tiles are made of clay fired and baked in
a kiln having a glaze finish. Ceramic
tiles are permanently attached to floors and
some walls and ceilings as well as on
counter tops. The glaze finish of ceramic tiles
are a moisture-resistant surface which is
very durable under most conditions. Ceramic
tiles are adhered with a mastic or mortar and
filled between the tiles with a cement or
synthetic coloured grout. Education Note
Ceramic tiles stand-up very well in water damage
situations but when fresh water or sewage
water entrains under the tiles through an
underlayment or from saturation moisture
wicks up from a lower substrate resulting
in the adhesion of some tiles to become
loose causing in the eventual cracking and
damage to some tiles. Mitigation Note
Kitchen ceramic tile counters having tile as
part of the backsplash the tiles may be in
good condition but when the lower counter
is damaged requiring detaching
repair or replacement of the counter or
the subfloor the ceramic tiles are almost
always damaged during the counter
removal.
| |
|
| Ceratocystis
Ophiostoma
A
common fungi found on cut green pine wood
wet wood in lumbar yards and new wood in
buildings. Lumbar yard fungi when viable
produces a bluish color staining and when
dormant or dead is black in color.
Ceratocystis ophiostoma grows on the vascular
surface of cut wood but it does not damage
or cause deterioration to the lignins of the
wood. Ceratosystis ophiostoma fungi likes new
sap from freshly cut wood. See Lumber Yard
Mold
| |
|
| CERCLA
Comprehensive Environmental Response
Compensation and Liability Act
CERCLA
is also known as the Superfund Act. CERCLA
regulations and mandates do not generally apply
in a water damaged building scenario but
CERCLA may apply when waste water drainage
and run-off at a work site are allowed to leave
a site and enter into near by storm drains.
Contractors who are fire damage restorers must
become informed about CERCLA and RCRA when
chemicals are at a burn site or run-off is
allowed outside a property or berm. General
Liability Note Contractors improperly
cleaning up a damage site or found
illegally disposing of chemicals may be in
violation of CERCLA or RCRA. See RCRA
| |
|
| Certificate
of Satisfaction
A
to be signed document presented by the
contractor to the customer or insured
which states the contractor has completed
all work as agreed and to the satisfaction of
the customer or insured.
| |
|
| Certified
Employee
An
employee that has completed all of the
requirements for training certification
delineated in standards and approved training
courses.
| |
|
| Certified
Industrial Hygienist CIH
A
person who possesses a bachelor of science or
advanced degree in industrial hygiene
engineering physics biology
medicine or related physical and biological
sciences who also has a minimum if three
to five years full-time industrial hygiene
experience. To have a CIH designation the
person must be currently registered and
recognized by the American Industrial Hygiene
Association or other industry recognized
industrial hygiene associations. See Industrial
Hygienist
| |
|
| Certified
Technician
An
employee who has attained sufficient classroom
and technical knowledge to pass an industry test
about a particular trade. Education Note
In water damage mitigation like in many
other associations the water damage
technician certification is only good for a
period of time before it needs to be renewed.
Not having re-education continuing
education and renewal voids the
water damage technician certification. See
IICRC
| |
|
| Cesspool
of Sewage
Referring
to sewage contamination Education
Note Liquid and decomposing waste
found under substructures that has been
accumulating there for weeks and months. The
attached ground has become an underground sink
and cistern disposal area it is
undesirable and extremely unhealthy. Health
Note Improperly cleaned up
interiors of buildings having coliform bacteria
are cesspools of sewage residing in occupant
exposures.
| |
|
| CFM
Cubic Feet per Minute
The
volume of airflow calculated over one minute
60 seconds. Along with lift
the measurement of cfm is one major method of
determining vacuum efficiency.
| |
|
| Chain
of Custody
A
written document which transfers environmental
samples from a field technician to a
laboratory or materials from one party to
another.
| |
|
| Chair
Rail
A
horizontal molding affixed to a wall equal to
the height of the back side of a chair. A chair
rail is designed to stop damage or marring to
the wall surface by the back of a chair. Wall
chair rails average from 36%u0022 to 44%u0022
from the floor height. Chair rails will
sometimes have wood paneling or a wall paper
lower covering. Chair rails having backing
materials must be checked for unwanted moisture
content after a water damage.
| |
|
| Change
of State
Changes
from a phase such as solid to a
liquid a liquid to a gas or vapour
or to another.
| |
|
| Change
Order
A
written document that results in the
modification of an existing contract. A change
order either removes adds or exchanges
items in the contract for items or services. A
change order spells out all the labour and
material changes and revised contract prices.
| |
|
| Changeover
The
process of switching an air conditioning system
from heating to cooling or vice versa.
| |
|
| Characterisation
of a Biohazardous Substance
Any
organism product material or
biological agent that present a risk to
humans. Health Note A biological material
that threatens humans and their living and work
environment. Illness and diseases which are
known to be acquired through animal and human
secretions or their by-products.
| |
|
| Characterisation
of Hazardous Liquid Waste
Mitigation
Note Under federal state and local
law some waste and its constituents
once identified are considered to be
hazardous to breathe or when coming into
physical contact with them. Health and Safety
Note Hazardous waste can cause moderate to
severe health effects in employees and
occupants resulting in acute and chronic
health concerns. ALL hazardous liquid waste must
be properly identified contained and
controlled and only professional trained
and certified persons must be allowed to contain
and remove hazardous liquid waste.
| |
|
| Characterizsation
of a Hazardous Substance
Any
chemical or agent that poses a threat to human
health or the environment if released
minor or in significant amounts depending
on the chemical or agent.
| |
|
| Charged
Particles
A
particle which possesses at least one unit
electrical charge and which will not
disintegrate upon loss of charge. Charged
particles are characterized by particle
size number and sign of unit charges and
mobility.
| |
|
| Checking
of Paint
A
phenomenon manifested by slight breaks in the
surface of the paint film. Checking cracks can
assume many patterns and they usually
resemble a birds foot or small squares. Checking
of paint is not fully understood but it is
known to occur when paint is applied on a moist
wood surface and the relative air is more dryer
than the painted surface.
| |
|
| Checking
of Wood
Cracking
cubing or fractling of wood due to natural
causes from water damages or a result of
wood damage from some type of fungi resulting in
a wood rot. See Cob Web Effect
| |
|
| Chemical
Cartridge Respirator
A
face-type mask usually of a butyl-rubber-latex
configuration having one or two chemical
cartridges. The face-piece respirator and
cartridges must be appropriately donned and used
for the type of contaminate known or suspected.
| |
|
| Chemical
Release
Any spill or leak or detection of
concentrations of chemicals of
concern in the indoor environment or attached
environments including the outside air to
the building. Chemical release includes
all chemicals sprays sealers
disinfectants and deodorants used in a building
after a loss.
| |
|
| Chemical
Sensitivity
The
acute or chronic sensitivity reaction to a
chemical substance. Health and Safety Note
Chemical sensitivity can be a result of
adsorption from skin contact inhalation
and ingestion. Chemical sensitivity may show
itself as an allergic or asthma reaction
swelling and redness on skin shortness of
breath laboured breathing
dizziness stomach ache and vomiting
or a neurological disorder.
| |
|
| Chemical
Sponge
A
rubber cleaning sponge that has large cells
capable of capturing dry particles from
surfaces. As the rubber sponge is being applied
on dry surfaces the surface cleaning
action debrides the outer sponge layer
exposing a cleaner surface area for additional
cleaning. The chemical sponge picks up soot and
captures smoke odor. Mitigation Note The
name chemical sponge more commonly
referred to by industry as a chem-sponge
possesses no special chemicals in the sponge as
the name suggests. As a rubber-type sponge
it does not pick up or absorb water or chemicals
easily and it should not be used for
wet-side cleaning.
| |
|
| Chemicals
of Concern
The
specific compounds and their breakdown
byproducts that are present
suspected or documented. Identification of
chemicals can be based on historical
documents and material safety data sheets. If
there is a potential release of chemicals
identification requires monitoring of detected
concentrations in the environment and a
reasonable theory for exposure must be
considered when evaluating for
toxicity and increased and unacceptable
risk.
| |
|
| Chiller
A
refrigeration machine that chills water
the evaporator section of such a refrigerant
machine.
| |
|
| Chip
Board/Particle Board
Means
those building materials that are made from wood
chips glue and resin. Chip board/particle
board are ASTM rated as a construction grade
materials and are found as subfloors. Mitigation
Note Once saturated with water or
sewage these materials tend to swell and
loose their efficiency as a stable building
material. Once damaged the damaged
section usually requires replacement. Large
sections of saturation damage may result in the
complete subfloor being replaced. Construction
Safety Caution Improper removal of the
chip board/particle board from second floors or
above may cause a shift to the building
frame more commonly referred to as
racking. 97 UBC Section 2515 Chapter
23 2-B-1 %u002326.
| |
|
| Chloride
The
by-product of burning PVC and water and
hydrochloric acid.
| |
|
| Cholera
An
infectious waterborne disease that is
characterized by severe diarrhea and results in
dehydration. Outbreaks are not common in
first world countries but because of
recent influence of third world persons living
in the United States may now be residing
in unsanitary living environments. Health
Note Public health officials say
exposure of a contaminated environment to water
damage remediation employees from fecal matter
and unsanitary living environments is a
health concern even if Cholera is not
present.
| |
|
| Chronic
Long
term exposures which over time will cause
adverse health effects to buildings and
individuals. Health and Safety Note
Exposures to contaminated building environments
over months or longer are known to result
in permanent or long-lasting health impairments.
See Acute
| |
|
| Chronic
Effect
An
adverse long-term exposure effect brought about
from exposures to a chemical biological or
toxic substance that develops slowly over a long
period of time usually several weeks to
years.
| |
|
| Citrus
Cleaning
A
solvent derived from the oils of citrus fruits.
It is effective in cleaning virtually any
oil-base soil or staining agent from a wide
variety of surfaces. Education Note Citric
cleaning is reported to be safe for use on most
fabrics vinyls woods
carpeting and metal. Advantages of citric
cleaning besides cle | |